Improvement in paints



o Win W. U .n

WALTER P. JENNEY, OE

* QFFIGEm BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

lMPROVEMENT m Palm's.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 190,76, dated May 15,1877; application filed October To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WALTER P. JENNEY, of the city of Brooklyn, county ofKings, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful paint orvarnish for coating the bottoms of vessels or other surfaces to protectthem from corrosion or decay, audio, preventwthe attaQlLSjf -marineworms-andet-he growthor adhesion of sea weeds, barnacles, or otherforms of marine vegetable or animal life.

Onthe 30th day of May, 1876, Letters Patent of the United States weregranted to me- No. 178,061, for a process for treating sludgeoil, andNo. 178,154, for the solid resinous substance produced by said process;also, No;

' 178,152, for the varnish formed by the solution of said resinoussubstance in suitable solvents, and No. 178,153, for the base for ajapan 0r varnish made by incorporating the said resinous substance withindia-rubber.

I have also invented a new process for treating sludge or sludge-oil,whereby I produce, at will, the aforesaid solid resinous substancedescribed in Letters Patent No. 178,154, or the fluid partially-oxidizedsludge-oil, which process, and also the new manufacture orsubstance-partially-oxidized sludge-oil-are fully described and setforth in an application for Letters Patent dated October26, 1876. Mypresent invention consists in a new and useful paint or varnish forcoating the bottoms of vessels or other surfaces to protect them fromcorrosion or decay, and to prevent the attacks of marine worms and thegrowth or adhesion of sea-weeds, barnacles, or other forms of marinevegetable or animal life.

This new paint I manufacture by mixing or\ grinding suitable finelydivided soli( 1 s u hstance s, as dry paints, pigments, eaft h soxidesfminergt lisfsalts,ciiinpounds of metals or alloy'sfwith a vehiclecomposed wholly or in part of oxidized sludge-oil, dissolved orincorporated with naphtha or other suitable solvent.

In preparing the above-mentioned vehicle, I prefer to use the fluidsubstance-partiallyoxidized sludge-oil-where a slow-drying andstrongly-adhesive vehicle is desired, and employ the solid resinoussubstance or more completely-oxidized sludge-oil, where the oband timpart to the paint made with it this desirable property.

The object being to produce a vehicle having about the consistency ofboiled linseedoil, for the solvent I prefer to employ petro leum,naphtha, (gravity 60 to 70 -Baum,) on account of its cheapness andquickly-drying property, using nearly the following proportions to makeone gallon of vehicle: Solid or fluid oxidized sludge-oil, three to fourpounds; naphtha, two to two and one-half quarts, to be dissolved with orwithout the aid of heat.

The vehicle may be varied in composition according to the particularuse'to which it is to be applied, or the properties or qualities desiredin the resulting paint. Where apaint is required which shall stronglyadhere to the surface and resist wearing or abrasion, the 1 compound ofindia-rubber and oxidized sludgeoil described in Letters Patent No.178,153, dated May 30, 1876, may be employed as the base for thevehicle. rubber compound should contain from ten to k thirty per cent.of indie-rubber, and to make one gallon of vehicle four pounds of therubber compound or base should be dissolved in 7 two and one-half quartsof naphtha by the aid of heat. This vehicle forms strongly-adhesivepaints when containing twenty to thirty per cent. of rubber, but thesurface fouls more readily than paints formed of oxidized sludgeoilwithout rubber, and in some cases I prefe: to use a vehicle, the base ofwhich is oxidized sludge-oil, melted or incorporated with ten to fortyper cent. of {allow-grease, fatty acids. qmyfina or other equivalcn su sance. In order that the tallow may dry or-harden readily, I boil or mixit with oxide of lead or 9 ide of zinc, using-one ounce of oxide to eachpound of tallow. In the case of paraffine this addition of oxide of leador zinc is nnneces sary. The tallow or paraffine is added to theoxidized sludge-oil, and melted and stirred with it. Three and one-halfpounds of the compound are dissolved in two and one-half quarts ofnaphtha to form a gallon of vehicle. Other substances, as asphalts,bitumens, coaltar, wood-tangrgpfsrwitchflhc residuum from petroleum di1' tion, animal fats or oils,

ject is to produce a quickly-drying vehicle,

vegetable oils or gumsWed-to-the For this purpose the above-describedvehicles, but such additions scribed vehicles a suffioient quantity ofany finely-divided solid-substance containing copper, or compound orsalt of copper, that will afford the desired protection, and by thegradual corrosion or solution of the copper by the action of the waterwill produce a poisonous action, destructive to all forms of life comingin contact with it.

I do not claim the use of any special form or compound of copper, butemploy the well known pigments and substances containing copper, bothnatural and artificial, which have heretofore been used in painting thebottoms of vessels.

The following mixtures may be used to producea useful and very poisonouspaint, suitable to the purposes above mentioned: Dry verdigris, threepounds to fivepounds; vehicle, in any of the above-described forms, onegallon-to be mixed together and ground in a paint-mill several timesuntil a smooth paint is produced. Oxide of copper, six pounds to ninepounds; vehicle, in any of the above-dc scribed forms, one gallonmixedby grinding as fine as practicable. Finely-divided metallic copper, oralloy of copper, five pounds to eight pounds; vehicle, in any of theabovedescribed forms, one gallon.

The bottom of the vessel having been scraped clean, the paint may beapplied in the usual manner, one or more coats being spread on as evenlyas possible, and the vessel launched into the water before the paintbecomes iierfectly hard. In preparing a paint for the bottoms of ironvessels, the use of copper in any form seems to be impracticable, owingto the galvanic action of the copper and the consequent corrosion of theiron.

The object in this case is to prepare a paint which shall afi'ordpermanent protection to the iron from rust and corrosion, and at thesame time give a surface so smooth that sea-' weeds or barn-acles cannotreadily become attached or grow upon it. For this purpose the followingmixtures may be employed Red lead, five to ten pounds; vehicle, in anyof the above-mentioned forms, one gallon-to be ground together in apaint-millas fine as practicable. Red lead, five pounds; white zinc,three pounds; vehicle, in any of the abovementioned forms, one gallon.

For the red lead in the above mixture-an equal weight of oxide of iron,ground fine,

known as Princes metallic, may be substituted, forming a cheaper paint.The bottom of the vessel having been scraped clean, two coats of theabove-described paint should be applied in the usual manner; and afterthey are perfectly hard and dry the surface should be covered by twosmooth coats of a varnish made by dissolving six to eight pounds ofoxidized sludge-oil in one gallon of naphtha.

This protecting-coat of pure oxidized sludgeoil gives an extremelysmooth glass-like surface, increasing the speed of the vessel, .and atthe same time afi'ording no ready attachment for grass or barnacles. 1also employ this thick varnish made from oxidized sludge-oil in coatingthe bottoms of yachts and pleasure-boats where great speed is desired,the smooth surface formed by the varnish greatly decreasing theresistance of the water to the boats progress. For this purpose twocoats of varnish applied upon the bare wood, or over the surface ofother paint, may be employed.

A compound well adapted for coating the bottoms of vessels and forming aprotectingsurface over other paint may be made by melting orincorporating tallow, fatty acids, grease, pa-raffine, or otherequivalent substance with oxidized sludge-oil, using from one-fourth ofone pound of fallow to one pound of tallow to each pound of oxidizedsludge-oil.

To each pound of this compound of tallow and oxidized sludge-oil fromone-halt a pound to one pound of litharge, red lead, or oxide of.

zinc may be added with advantage. v

This compound may be melted and applied with brushes while hot andfluid, or it may be dissolved or incorporated with naphtha or othersuitable solvent, and applied in the usual manner to the bottom of thevessel.

What I claim to be new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The new manufacture or paint herein described, and possessing,substantially, the properties or qualities herein described, composed ofa vehicle consisting in whole or in part of oxidized sludge-oil and asuitable solid substance or base, as herein described and set forth.

2. The new manufacture or copper paint herein described, and possessing,substantially, the qualities or properties herein described, I composedof a vehicle consisting in whole or in part of oxidized sludge-oil, anda suitable body containing copper, as herein described and set forth.

WALTER P. JENNEY.

Witnesses:

BERN. T. VETTERLEIN, E. G. THOMPSON.

